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Muhammad's sword

HAIRYHAIRY Member Posts: 23,606
edited September 2006 in General Discussion
Muhammad's sword

Pope Benedict XVI in the service of George W. Bush

By Uri Avner

09/24/06 "Information Clearing House" -- -- Since the days when Roman emperors threw Christians to the lions, the relations between the emperors and the heads of the church have undergone many changes.

Constantine the Great, who became emperor in the year 306 - exactly 1700 years ago - encouraged the practice of Christianity in the empire, which included Palestine. Centuries later, the church split into an Eastern (Orthodox) and a Western (Catholic) part. In the West, the Bishop of Rome, who acquired the title of Pope, demanded that the emperor accept his superiority.

The struggle between the emperors and the popes played a central role in European history and divided the peoples. It knew ups and downs. Some emperors dismissed or expelled a pope, some popes dismissed or excommunicated an emperor. One of the emperors, Henry IV, "walked to Canossa", standing for three days barefoot in the snow in front of the Pope's castle, until the Pope deigned to annul his excommunication.

But there were times when emperors and popes lived in peace with each other. We are witnessing such a period today. Between the present Pope, Benedict XVI, and the present emperor, George Bush II, there exists a wonderful harmony. Last week's speech by the Pope, which aroused a worldwide storm, went well with Bush's crusade against "Islamofascism", in the context of the "clash of civilizations".

In his lecture at a German university, the 265th Pope described what he sees as a huge difference between Christianity and Islam: while Christianity is based on reason, Islam denies it. While Christians see the logic of God's actions, Muslims deny that there is any such logic in the actions of Allah.

As a Jewish atheist, I do not intend to enter the fray of this debate. It is much beyond my humble abilities to understand the logic of the Pope. But I cannot overlook one passage, which concerns me too, as an Israeli living near the fault-line of this "war of civilizations".

In order to prove the lack of reason in Islam, the Pope asserts that the Prophet Muhammad ordered his followers to spread their religion by the sword. According to the Pope, that is unreasonable, because faith is born of the soul, not of the body. How can the sword influence the soul?

To support his case, the Pope quoted - of all people - a Byzantine emperor, who belonged, of course, to the competing Eastern Church. At the end of the 14th century, Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus told of a debate he had - or so he said (its occurrence is in doubt) - with an unnamed Persian Muslim scholar. In the heat of the argument, the emperor (according to himself) flung the following words at his adversary:


Show me just what Mohammed brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached.


These words give rise to three questions: (a) Why did the Emperor say them? (b) Are they true? (c) Why did the present Pope quote them?

When Manuel II wrote his treatise, he was the head of a dying empire. He assumed power in 1391, when only a few provinces of the once illustrious empire remained. These, too, were already under Turkish threat.

At that point in time, the Ottoman Turks had reached the banks of the Danube. They had conquered Bulgaria and the north of Greece, and had twice defeated relieving armies sent by Europe to save the Eastern Empire. On 29 May 1453, only a few years after Manuel's death, his capital, Constantinople (the present Istanbul), fell to the Turks, putting an end to the empire that had lasted for more than a thousand years.

During his reign, Manuel made the rounds of the capitals of Europe in an attempt to drum up support. He promised to reunite the church. There is no doubt that he wrote his religious treatise in order to incite the Christian countries against the Turks and convince them to start a new crusade. The aim was practical, theology was serving politics.

In this sense, the quote serves exactly the requirements of the present Emperor, George Bush II. He, too, wants to unite the Christian world against the mainly Muslim "Axis of Evil". Moreover, the Turks are again knocking on the doors of Europe, this time peacefully. It is well known that the Pope supports the forces that object to the entry of Turkey into the European Union.

Is there any truth in Manuel's argument?

The pope himself threw in a word of caution. As a serious and renowned theologian, he could not afford to falsify written texts. Therefore, he admitted that the Qur'an specifically forbade the spreading of the faith by force. He quoted the second Sura, Verse 256 (strangely fallible, for a pope, he meant Verse 257) which says: "There must be no coercion in matters of faith."

How can one ignore such an unequivocal statement? The Pope simply argues that this commandment was laid down by the Prophet when he was at the beginning of his career, still weak and powerless, but that later on he ordered the use of the sword in the service of the faith. Such an order does not exist in the Qur'an. True, Muhammad called for the use of the sword in his war against opposing tribes - Christian, Jewish and others - in Arabia, when he was building his state. But that was a political act, not a religious one; basically a fight for territory, not for the spreading of the faith.

Jesus said: "You will recognize them by their fruits." The treatment of other religions by Islam must be judged by a simple test: how did the Muslim rulers behave for more than a thousand years, when they had the power to "spread the faith by the sword"?

Well, they just did not.

For many centuries, the Muslims ruled Greece. Did the Greeks become Muslims? Did anyone even try to Islamize them? On the contrary, Christian Greeks held the highest positions in the Ottoman administration. The Bulgarians, Serbs, Romanians, Hungarians and other European nations lived at one time or another under Ottoman rule and clung to their Christian faith. Nobody compelled them to become Muslims and all of them remained devoutly Christian.

True, the Albanians did convert to Islam, and so did the Bosniaks. But nobody argues that they did this under duress. They adopted Islam in order to become favourites of the government and enjoy the fruits.

In 1099, the Crusaders conquered Jerusalem and massacred its Muslim and Jewish inhabitants indiscriminately, in the name of the gentle Jesus. At that time, 400 years into the occupation of Palestine by the Muslims, Christians were still the majority in the country. Throughout this long period, no effort was made to impose Islam on them. Only after the expulsion of the Crusaders from the country, did the majority of the inhabitants start to adopt the Arabic language and the Muslim faith - and they were the forefathers of most of today's Palestinians.

There no evidence whatsoever of any attempt to impose Islam on the Jews. As is well known, under Muslim rule the Jews of Spain enjoyed a bloom the like of which the Jews did not enjoy anywhere else until almost our time. Poets like Yehuda Halevy wrote in Arabic, as did the great Maimonides. In Muslim Spain, Jews were ministers, poets, scientists. In Muslim Toledo, Christian, Jewish and Muslim scholars worked together and translated the ancient Greek philosophical and scientific texts. That was, indeed, the Golden Age. How would this have been possible, had the Prophet decreed the "spreading of the faith by the sword"?

What happened afterwards is even more telling. When the Catholics reconquered Spain from the Muslims, they instituted a reign of religious terror. The Jews and the Muslims were presented with a cruel choice: to become Christians, to be massacred or to leave. And where did the hundreds of thousand of Jews, who refused to abandon their faith, escape? Almost all of them were received with open arms in the Muslim countries. The Sephardi ("Spanish") Jews settled all over the Muslim world, from Morocco in the west to Iraq in the east, from Bulgaria (then part of the Ottoman Empire) in the north to Sudan in the south. Nowhere were they persecuted. They knew nothing like the tortures of the Inquisition, the flames of the auto-da-fe, the pogroms, the terrible mass-expulsions that took place in almost all Christian countries, up to the Holocaust.

Why? Because Islam expressly prohibited any persecution of the "peoples of the book". In Islamic society, a special place was reserved for Jews and Christians. They did not enjoy completely equal rights, but almost. They had to pay a special poll tax, but were exempted from military service - a trade-off that was quite welcome to many Jews. It has been said that Muslim rulers frowned upon any attempt to convert Jews to Islam even by gentle persuasion - because it entailed the loss of taxes.

Every honest Jew who knows the history of his people cannot but feel a deep sense of gratitude to Islam, which has protected the Jews for fifty generations, while the Christian world persecuted the Jews and tried many times "by the sword" to get them to abandon their faith.

The story about "spreading the faith by the sword" is an evil legend, one of the myths that grew up in Europe during the great wars against the Muslims - the reconquista of Spain by the Christians, the Crusades and the repulsion of the Turks, who almost conquered Vienna. I suspect that the German Pope, too, honestly believes in these fables. That means that the leader of the Catholic world, who is a Christian theologian in his own right, did not make the effort to study the history of other religions.

Why did he utter these words in public? And why now?

There is no escape from viewing them against the background of the new Crusade of Bush and his evangelist supporters, with his slogans of "Islamofascism" and the "global war on terror" - when "terrorism" has become a synonym for Muslims. For Bush's handlers, this is a cynical attempt to justify the domination of the world's oil resources. Not for the first time in history, a religious robe is spread to cover the nakedness of economic interests; not for the first time, a robbers' expedition becomes a Crusade.

The speech of the Pope blends into this effort. Who can foretell the dire consequences?

Uri Avnery is an Israeli author and activist. He is the head of the Israeli peace movement, "Gush Shalom". http://zope.gush-shalom.org/home/en

Comments

  • sotheresothere Member Posts: 1,414 ✭✭✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    I'm making Choco-chip cookies[:D].Can I send some to some body? how bout' a give-away.The most creative way to ignore Hairy wins[:D]
  • kristovkristov Member Posts: 6,633
    edited November -1
    Far too many facts and not nearly enough Gun Broker Gripe Group dogma HAIRY...You can expect to be flamed (again).
  • 11b6r11b6r Member Posts: 16,584 ✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    Sothere- appreciate the offer- but it takes too long, and you have gotten my appetite up- Think there is a pack of chocolate brownie mix upstairs........................
  • mrseatlemrseatle Member Posts: 15,467 ✭✭✭
    edited November -1
  • HAIRYHAIRY Member Posts: 23,606
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by kristov
    Far too many facts and not nearly enough Gun Broker Gripe Group dogma HAIRY...You can expect to be flamed (again).
    I guess it's proving the adage: "Ignorance can be removed but stupidity is forever."
  • sig232sig232 Member Posts: 8,018
    edited November -1
    ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ[:D]

    Who Cares![:0]
  • HAIRYHAIRY Member Posts: 23,606
    edited November -1
    Thanks, sig232, for validating the adage.
  • sig232sig232 Member Posts: 8,018
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by HAIRY
    Thanks, sig232, for validating the adage.


    I love you too Hairy. It is hard for an ole guy like me to concentrate on these long drawn out historical debates. I know they are important to you and meaningful to you so I really should not comment because I don't always want to spend the time reading through the whole thing. I do happen to have a very closed mind about Islam and how the radical muslims came to be.

    Sometimes there comes a point to recognize that debate won't solve anything. I do appreciate your attempt to educate the members of this forum, myself included, since I know it is always wise to hear out all sides of any arguement.

    I have placed my sword alongside the state of Israel, respect their efforts at survival and will stand with them. I think the majority of folks in the US are with me.

    Keep up the good work![:0]
  • sotheresothere Member Posts: 1,414 ✭✭✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    Them were some good cookies[:D]
  • 11b6r11b6r Member Posts: 16,584 ✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    Sothere- you use walnuts in yer cookies? Got a bumper crop of black walnuts here- gonna be some GOOOOOD fudge with those. Just have to use a 3 lb hammer to crack the suckers!
  • sotheresothere Member Posts: 1,414 ✭✭✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    No way,the only thing I use nuts for is feeding squirrels in the winter.they love them black walnuts and the deer can't eat em'.Pickin's are pretty slim in the middle of winter in IA.You should see them look when I dump a bag on the snow in late Jan.They barley wait for me to leave,it's mayhem[:D]
  • whiteclouderwhiteclouder Member Posts: 10,574 ✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by HAIRY
    Muhammad's sword

    Pope Benedict XVI in the service of George W. Bush

    By Uri Avner

    09/24/06 "Information Clearing House" -- -- Since the days when Roman emperors threw Christians to the lions, the relations between the... yada yada yada, gurgle burp.


    Can you, just for once hairy, post something original, a fact or truism you can claim for your own, something fresh? And no, the fact you want to blow half the board is NOT news.

    Clouder..
  • WoundedWolfWoundedWolf Member Posts: 1,658 ✭✭✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    quote:Jewish atheist

    An oxymoron? Or just a moron?

    quote:the present Emperor, George Bush II

    Just a bit of bias, don't you think?

    quote:the Turks are again knocking on the doors of Europe, this time peacefully

    Yes, the Madrid train bombings, the London subway bombings, and the Paris riots were very peaceful. What have these modern Turks done to disassociate themselves from the Islamo-facists?

    quote:"There must be no coercion in matters of faith."

    I think this is unmistakeable. The Islamo-facists believe that no one should be coerced to Islam. Either they convert of their own free will or they die.

    quote:For many centuries, the Muslims ruled Greece. Did the Greeks become Muslims? Did anyone even try to Islamize them? On the contrary, Christian Greeks held the highest positions in the Ottoman administration. The Bulgarians, Serbs, Romanians, Hungarians and other European nations lived at one time or another under Ottoman rule and clung to their Christian faith. Nobody compelled them to become Muslims and all of them remained devoutly Christian.

    True, the Albanians did convert to Islam, and so did the Bosniaks. But nobody argues that they did this under duress. They adopted Islam in order to become favourites of the government and enjoy the fruits.

    Interesting, the truth is evident. The Muslims invaded by force, they were repelled by force, and their collaborators were killed for assisting the Muslim enemies for all those centuries. That is why there were few Muslims left in these areas until the last 50 years. If the Muslims were so peaceful, why did they invade Greece, the Balkans, North Africa, and Spain by force in the first place? Was it animosity over the Crusades? Wait a minute, the Muslims controlled North Africa by 700 AD and Spain by 714 AD, 300 years before the Crusades!

    quote:When the Catholics reconquered Spain from the Muslims, they instituted a reign of religious terror. The Jews and the Muslims were presented with a cruel choice: to become Christians, to be massacred or to leave. And where did the hundreds of thousand of Jews, who refused to abandon their faith, escape? Almost all of them were received with open arms in the Muslim countries.

    Gee, I wonder why the Christians were so upset. After all, only a foreign army had just invaded and occupied their land for almost 800 years. And we know that Muslims are so compassionate to the Jews. They welcomed them with such open arms by renting them the worst and most desolate land they could find. But surprisingly the Jews made it flourish, so those Muslims just couldn't let those Jews keep it, so they pushed many of them back out again, those damn resourceful Jews.

    quote:Why? Because Islam expressly prohibited any persecution of the "peoples of the book". In Islamic society, a special place was reserved for Jews and Christians. They did not enjoy completely equal rights, but almost.

    I know that when the Islamo-facists threaten to carve my head off with a rusty knife, unless I convert to Islam, that they aren't really trying to persecute me. After all they know I am a "person of the book", right? I'm sure they have a special place for me, in Hell. Who can deny "almost" equal rights? Just ask the African-Americans how well that works.

    quote:Every honest Jew who knows the history of his people cannot but feel a deep sense of gratitude to Islam, which has protected the Jews for fifty generations, while the Christian world persecuted the Jews and tried many times "by the sword" to get them to abandon their faith.

    But we all know that there is no such thing as an "honest Jew", right Hairy? [;)] I know that when I think of the word "Muslim" I immediatlely think "protector of Jews". Just like when Hitler was dealing with Yassir Arafat's uncle in WW2 regarding the "final solution" for the "Jewish problem". Now that is what I call "protection"!

    quote:The story about "spreading the faith by the sword" is an evil legend, one of the myths that grew up in Europe during the great wars against the Muslims - the reconquista of Spain by the Christians, the Crusades and the repulsion of the Turks, who almost conquered Vienna. I suspect that the German Pope, too, honestly believes in these fables. That means that the leader of the Catholic world, who is a Christian theologian in his own right, did not make the effort to study the history of other religions.

    An evil legend that happens to be true. The sad fact is that there isn't ANY nation that has peacefully converted to Islam. The spread of that religion has always come at the end of a sword. An even sadder fact, Hairy, is that when the Islamo-facists conquer our shores, you will be one of the first to meet the tip of the sword. Free-thinkers like yourself will absolutely not be tolerated.

    quote:There is no escape from viewing them against the background of the new Crusade of Bush and his evangelist supporters, with his slogans of "Islamofascism" and the "global war on terror" - when "terrorism" has become a synonym for Muslims. For Bush's handlers, this is a cynical attempt to justify the domination of the world's oil resources. Not for the first time in history, a religious robe is spread to cover the nakedness of economic interests; not for the first time, a robbers' expedition becomes a Crusade.

    Ah, the truth, for once. Blame Corporate Globalization, the true ulterior of the Left Wing. Yet what they really mean is, "support our Corporations instead, not Bush's". After all, they just want their "fair share" of the kickback.

    Hairy, I do agree with you that Corparate Globalization in the name of Christianity is bad, but I just don't see it happening. I think it is worse to support Corporate Globalization under the name of "humanitarianism" and "multi-culturalism". Now that is a REAL threat.
  • amsptcdsamsptcds Member Posts: 679
    edited November -1
    the article is bs.
  • HAIRYHAIRY Member Posts: 23,606
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by whiteclouder

    Can you, just for once hairy, post something original, a fact or truism you can claim for your own, something fresh? Clouder..
    Okay, how's this: You are just a REMFer who slithered out of the slime and, having made your presence known, slithered back into the slime.
  • whiteclouderwhiteclouder Member Posts: 10,574 ✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by HAIRY
    quote:Originally posted by whiteclouder

    Can you, just for once hairy, post something original, a fact or truism you can claim for your own, something fresh? Clouder..
    Okay, how's this: You are just a REMFer who slithered out of the slime and, having made your presence known, slithered back into the slime.


    "Can you, just for once hairy, post something original, a fact or truism you can claim for your own, something fresh? And no, the fact you want to blow half the board is NOT news."

    You're not even capable of quoting, weed.

    And, you answered the question for all of us--you CAN'T do anything original--the slime thing has been done. I think it was in reference to where the best part of you actually wound up at your conception.

    Clouder..
  • HAIRYHAIRY Member Posts: 23,606
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by whiteclouder
    quote:Originally posted by HAIRY
    quote:Originally posted by whiteclouder

    Can you, just for once hairy, post something original, a fact or truism you can claim for your own, something fresh? Clouder..
    Okay, how's this: You are just a REMFer who slithered out of the slime and, having made your presence known, slithered back into the slime.


    "Can you, just for once hairy, post something original, a fact or truism you can claim for your own, something fresh? And no, the fact you want to blow half the board is NOT news."

    You're not even capable of quoting, weed.

    And, you answered the question for all of us--you CAN'T do anything original--the slime thing has been done. I think it was in reference to where the best part of you actually wound up at your conception.

    Clouder..



    Well, REMFer, it is original, and repeated because you are unable to grasp it. So slither back into your slime pit, REMFer.
  • whiteclouderwhiteclouder Member Posts: 10,574 ✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by HAIRY
    quote:Originally posted by whiteclouder
    quote:Originally posted by HAIRY
    quote:Originally posted by whiteclouder

    Can you, just for once hairy, post something original, a fact or truism you can claim for your own, something fresh? Clouder..
    Okay, how's this: You are just a REMFer who slithered out of the slime and, having made your presence known, slithered back into the slime.


    "Can you, just for once hairy, post something original, a fact or truism you can claim for your own, something fresh? And no, the fact you want to blow half the board is NOT news."

    You're not even capable of quoting, weed.

    And, you answered the question for all of us--you CAN'T do anything original--the slime thing has been done. I think it was in reference to where the best part of you actually wound up at your conception.

    Clouder..



    Well, REMFer, it is original, and repeated because you are unable to grasp it. So slither back into your slime pit, REMFer.


    And that's the best you can muster, buttslug? It's as weak as your character, but then, why not?

    Clouder..
  • buschmasterbuschmaster Member Posts: 14,229 ✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    I would much rather deal with angry Muslims than Christians. they're both irrational but at least the Muslims are honest about it.
  • spanielsellsspanielsells Member Posts: 12,498
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by whiteclouder
    And no, the fact you want to blow half the board is NOT news.

    Clouder..


    Well, <censored> might want to blow half the board, but are there enough people on the board willing to drop their drawers? I know I'd not want him anywhere near me for a variety of reasons, you've just given me one more.
  • MagillaMagilla Member Posts: 52 ✭✭
    edited November -1
    Just because Hairy isn't in lockstep with a lot here doesn't mean he's a bad guy. He has lots of guns and gun knowledge. That should count for something. This is a gun board. Does that mean we all have to agree on things like the war and the president? And I happen to agree with this article too. The pope is just stirring up bababooey.
  • Wild OkieWild Okie Member Posts: 1,280 ✭✭✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    Me LOVE cookie Post COOOOOOOOKIE![:p]p]quote:Originally posted by sothere
    I'm making Choco-chip cookies[:D].Can I send some to some body? how bout' a give-away.The most creative way to ignore Hairy wins[:D]
  • whiteclouderwhiteclouder Member Posts: 10,574 ✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by Magilla
    Just because Hairy isn't in lockstep with a lot here doesn't mean he's a bad guy...

    Poor hairy's got no choice but to stay in lockstep--behind. He stops, he loses his three dollars.

    Clouder..
  • mrseatlemrseatle Member Posts: 15,467 ✭✭✭
    edited November -1
    quote:Originally posted by HAIRY

    As a Jewish atheist,



    Race is an illusion, Jesus Says
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